Vaccination Practices in Infants and Children

• 1 week ago

Vaccination Practices in Infants and Children

Why Are Vaccines So Important?

Vaccines are a cornerstone of modern medicine and public health. They train the immune system to recognize and fight diseases—without causing illness. Especially during infancy and early childhood, when the immune system is still developing, vaccines provide protection from infections that could otherwise be severe or life-threatening.

Vaccination not only protects the individual but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the spread of diseases within the community. Thanks to vaccines, diseases like smallpox and polio have been eliminated or drastically reduced worldwide.

What Vaccines Are Given and When?

In Turkey, the Ministry of Health provides a National Immunization Schedule, offering routine vaccines free of charge. Additionally, some optional (but highly recommended) vaccines can be administered upon a pediatrician’s recommendation.

Core Vaccine Schedule (First Year)

DTaP-IPV-Hib: Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B

Optional Vaccines: Are They Necessary?

While not included in the routine program, these vaccines offer significant protection and are widely recommended by pediatricians.

Meningococcal Vaccine

• Protects against meningitis and bloodstream infections
• Includes MenACWY and MenB strains
• Can be started from 2 months onward

HPV Vaccine

• Recommended from age 9 and up
• Prevents cervical cancer, genital warts, and certain head and neck cancers

Influenza (Flu) Vaccine

• Recommended annually after 6 months of age
• Especially important for daycare-attending or chronically ill children

How Are Vaccines Administered?

• Most vaccines are given intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC)
• The baby’s general health is evaluated before each shot
• Vaccines may be postponed if fever is above 38°C (100.4°F)
• After injection, a 15–20 minute observation period is recommended
• Multiple vaccines can be safely given during one visit in different limbs

What to Expect After Vaccination

Common, Mild Side Effects:

• Redness, swelling, or soreness at the injection site
• Mild fever (up to 38.5°C / 101.3°F)
• Fussiness, drowsiness, or reduced appetite
• Mild diarrhea after rotavirus vaccine

These symptoms typically resolve within 24–48 hours. Seek medical care if your child develops:

• High fever (> 38.5°C)
• Rash, breathing difficulties
• Extreme irritability or persistent crying

Vaccination Support with Dr. Ekin Pasinlioğlu

• Personalized vaccine scheduling and monitoring
• Clear, evidence-based information on optional vaccines
• Post-vaccine observation and side effect management
• Family guidance and anxiety support
• Reminder systems to keep vaccinations on track