• 1 week ago

Meningococcal Vaccine in Children: Who Needs It and When?

What Is Meningococcal Disease?

Meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis) is a bacterium that can cause severe illnesses like meningitis (inflammation of the brain lining) and sepsis (blood poisoning), especially in infants, young children, and teenagers.

Meningococcal disease can become fatal within hours. Because early diagnosis is difficult, vaccination is the most effective form of prevention.

What Is the Meningococcal Vaccine?

There are multiple types of meningococcal bacteria. The most common disease-causing serogroups are:

  • A, C, W, Y serogroups → covered by the MenACWY vaccine
  • B serogroup → covered by the MenB vaccine

Depending on the child’s age and risk group, one or both vaccines may be recommended.

When Should Children Get the Meningococcal Vaccine?

1. MenACWY Vaccine (Serogroups A, C, W, Y)

  • First dose: Can be given from 9 months
  • Routine recommendation: At 12 months and again during adolescence (13–18 years)
  • One or two doses depending on risk
  • Booster every 5 years if needed

2. MenB Vaccine (Serogroup B)

  • Can be started as early as 2 months of age
  • Typically given as 2 doses + 1 booster
  • Interval and dosage may vary based on the brand and local recommendations

In many countries, including Türkiye, these vaccines are not yet included in the national immunization schedule, but are strongly recommended by pediatric societies and the WHO for certain age groups and high-risk populations.

Who Should Get the Meningococcal Vaccine?

Routine Candidates:

  • Babies aged 9 months to 2 years (especially for MenB)
  • Teenagers (especially for MenACWY)
  • Students in dorms or communal housing

High-Risk Groups:

  • Children with weakened immune systems
  • Those with complement deficiencies
  • Children without a spleen (asplenia)
  • Travelers to endemic regions or for pilgrimage
  • During outbreaks or local meningitis clusters

Is the Vaccine Safe? Are There Side Effects?

Yes. The vaccines are generally safe with a low risk of serious side effects.

Common Mild Side Effects:

  • Redness or swelling at the injection site
  • Low-grade fever
  • Irritability
  • Muscle aches

These usually resolve within 1–2 days without treatment.

Can It Be Given with Other Vaccines?

Yes. Both MenACWY and MenB vaccines can be administered on the same day as other childhood vaccines, but should be given in separate arms. Your pediatrician may adjust timing to reduce the chance of fever in infants.

Important Reminders for Parents

  • Always consult your pediatrician to include MenACWY and MenB in your child’s vaccine plan
  • Consider vaccination for children living in crowded conditions or traveling internationally
  • These vaccines may be available in private clinics or public hospitals for a fee