• 4 weeks ago

Why Do Cracked or Sore Nipples Occur During Breastfeeding and How to Heal Them?

What Are Cracked or Sore Nipples?

Cracked nipples refer to skin damage such as fissures, redness, irritation, or open sores on the nipple area. They often result from breastfeeding and may lead to pain, burning, bleeding, and, in some cases, breastfeeding avoidance. The condition is especially common during the first weeks after childbirth.

Causes of Nipple Cracks and Soreness

1. Improper Latch and Breastfeeding Position

This is the most common cause. If the baby doesn’t latch properly, pressure is applied to the nipple, leading to irritation and cracking. Ideally, the baby’s mouth should cover most of the areola, not just the nipple.

2. Inadequate or Excessive Cleaning

Poor hygiene increases the risk of infection, while excessive washing with soap can dry and sensitize the skin, making it prone to cracking.

3. Incorrect Use of Breast Pumps

High suction settings or using an incorrectly sized flange can cause trauma to the nipple.

4. Non-Breathable or Synthetic Bras

Tight or synthetic bras can trap moisture and heat, creating an environment that softens the skin and leads to easier damage.

5. Fungal (Candida) or Bacterial Infections

Once cracks occur, fungi or bacteria can invade the area. In such cases, the wound often appears white or inflamed, is slow to heal, and may cause a burning sensation.

How to Prevent Nipple Wounds

Prevention is easier and more effective than treatment. Here are key strategies:

  • Ensure a correct latch during breastfeeding. Seek professional lactation support if needed.
  • Wash hands before each feeding and clean the nipple with water only if necessary.
  • After feeding, apply a few drops of breast milk to the nipple and let it air dry. Breast milk is naturally antibacterial.
  • Wear breathable, cotton bras.
  • Change breast pads frequently and avoid keeping the area damp.
  • Use breast pumps at low suction and with the correct flange size.

How to Treat Sore or Cracked Nipples

1. Continue Breastfeeding Carefully

Avoid stopping breastfeeding unless recommended. Correct latch and positioning are critical. If pain is severe, pumping temporarily may help the tissue rest.

2. Apply Breast Milk

Expressed breast milk applied to the nipple after each feeding promotes healing and provides moisture and antimicrobial protection.

3. Use Lanolin-Based Creams

Medical-grade lanolin creams hydrate the area and support healing. Choose products safe for use without wiping before the next feeding.

4. Silver Nursing Cups

These cups use silver ions for their antimicrobial properties and protect the nipples while promoting faster healing.

5. Medication for Infections

If a fungal or bacterial infection is present, a healthcare provider may prescribe topical antifungal or antibiotic treatments.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a healthcare provider if:

  • Cracks persist for more than 4–5 days
  • There is white coating, excessive redness, or discharge
  • Pain becomes sharp or throbbing
  • Fever or swelling in the armpit lymph nodes occurs

A pediatrician or lactation consultant can provide appropriate diagnosis and treatment.