• 4 days ago

Mouth Ulcers and Sores in Babies: Causes and Treatment

What Is a Mouth Ulcer? How Do They Present in Babies?

Mouth ulcers, medically known as aphthous ulcers, appear as round or oval sores with a white or yellowish center and a red inflamed border. They can develop on the inside of the lips, cheeks, tongue, or soft palate. In babies, they may cause excessive fussiness, feeding refusal, and discomfort during sucking or swallowing.

Why Do Babies Get Mouth Sores?

There are several causes of oral sores in infants. The most common include:

1. Viral Infections

  • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1): Commonly known as the cold sore virus, it can cause painful oral ulcers and fever.
  • Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (Coxsackievirus): Typically seen in summer, this causes blister-like sores in the mouth and on the hands and feet.
  • Oral Thrush (Candida Albicans): A fungal infection resulting in white, creamy patches inside the mouth, which may bleed when wiped.

2. Traumatic Causes

  • Rigid pacifier or bottle nipple use
  • Accidental injury from spoons, toys, or teething rings
  • Increased mouthing behaviors during teething

3. Weakened Immune System

Recurrent illnesses, chronic conditions, or malnutrition can impair a baby’s immunity and lead to frequent mouth ulcers.

4. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Though rare in infants, deficiencies in:

  • Vitamin B12
  • Folic acid
  • Iron

have been associated with mouth ulcers.

5. Allergic Reactions or Food Sensitivities

Certain foods like citrus fruits or dairy may cause irritation or inflammation in some babies.

Symptoms: How to Recognize Mouth Sores in Babies

Parents may notice the following signs:

  • Refusal to nurse or feed
  • Crying during feeding
  • Foul breath
  • Increased drooling
  • Fever (especially with viral infections)
  • Poor appetite
  • Visible redness or blistering around the lips

Inspecting the mouth may be difficult, but if any of these signs are present, a careful oral examination and pediatric evaluation are advisable.

How Are Mouth Sores Treated in Babies?

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the baby’s overall condition. Do not apply adult medications or home remedies without medical supervision. Standard care includes:

1. Supportive Measures

  • Gentle feeding: Offer soft, lukewarm foods to avoid irritation.
  • Oral hygiene: Gently clean the mouth with a soft cotton swab or sterile gauze.
  • Hydration: Encourage fluids to prevent dehydration, which can worsen oral discomfort.

2. Medical Management

  • Antivirals: Prescribed for confirmed HSV infections (e.g., topical acyclovir).
  • Antifungals: For oral thrush, pediatricians may recommend nystatin drops.
  • Pain relief: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) may be used in proper doses for pain and fever.

3. At-Home Precautions

  • Maintain strict hygiene for pacifiers and bottles
  • Ensure regular handwashing
  • Clean teething toys frequently
  • Avoid acidic or spicy foods during the healing period

When Should You See a Pediatrician?

Consult your doctor if:

  • Sores last longer than 7 days
  • Fever is present
  • Ulcers become widespread or develop pus
  • Fluid intake drops significantly
  • Weight loss or feeding refusal persists

Prompt evaluation ensures early diagnosis and proper management.

Are Mouth Sores in Babies Contagious?

Not all ulcers are infectious, but those caused by herpes or hand-foot-mouth disease are highly contagious. Proper hand hygiene and avoiding sharing utensils or kissing the baby during active infection are essential to prevent spread.

How Can Parents Prevent Oral Sores in Infants?

Effective prevention strategies include:

  • Regular sterilization of bottles, pacifiers, and feeding tools
  • Encouraging breastfeeding for immune support
  • Avoiding contact with sick individuals
  • Introducing new foods cautiously after 6 months of age